Solar Air Conditioning free essay sample

Does sunlight based cooling truly meet the prerequisites for today’s â€Å"Green Energy† request; and is it fit to be actualized? Sun oriented cooling is any cooling framework that utilizes sun based force. This can be accomplished through aloof sun based, sun oriented warm vitality change and photovoltaic transformation (daylight to power) techniques. gt;Passive sun based doesn't utilize warm vitality to make a chilly domain or drive any immediate cooling forms. Is actualized by utilizing Cool rooftops, that are rooftops that can convey high sunlight based reflectance (the capacity to mirror the noticeable, infrared and bright frequencies of the sun, lessening heat move to the structure) and high warm emittance (the capacity to emanate ingested, or non-reflected sun based vitality), and green rooftops or living rooftops, which are tops of structures that are incompletely or totally secured with vegetation and a developing medium, planted over a waterproofing film. It might likewise incorporate extra layers, for example, a root hindrance and seepage and water system frameworks. We will compose a custom article test on Sunlight based Air Conditioning or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Indicating the word green alludes to environmentalism and not the shading green, similarly as with green rooftop tiles or rooftop shingles), utilizing the components of warmth move: heat conduction, convective warmth move, and warm radiation. gt;Solar warm vitality change is executed generally in business and modern applications and is experienced in two distinct sorts such are: a-Solar open-circle A/C; utilizing air disregarding strong desiccants (like silica gel or zeolite) to expel dampness from the air to permit an effective evaporative cooling cycle. The desiccant is then recovered by utilizing sunlight based warm vitality to dehumidify, in a financially savvy, low-vitality utilization, ceaselessly rehashing this cycle. A photovoltaic framework can control a low-vitality air course fan, and an engine to gradually pivot an enormous circle loaded up with desiccant, just as to run ventilation frameworks to limit vitality misfortune. For warming porpoises, air is gone through an enthalpy wheel (frequently utilizing silica gel) to diminish the expense of warming ventilated air in the winter by moving warmth from the warm inside air being depleted to the new (yet chilly) flexibly air. For fluid sort applications, a desiccant like calcium chloride can be blended in with water to make an appealing recycling cascade, that dehumidifies a room utilizing sun powered warm vitality to recover the fluid, and a PV-controlled low-rate water siphon. b-Solar shut circle ingestion and adsorption cooling; the sun powered climate control system and sun oriented warmer is controlled by sun based vitality gathered in the cleared cylinder sun based warm boards . The warm vitality gathered is then conveyed to the sun based controlled chiller utilizing a Corn Glycol (liquid catalyst) arrangement and an arrangement of funnels, siphons, and controls. In the winter, even at beneath frosty temperatures outside, our cleared cylinder sunlight based warm authorities despite everything produce a plenitude of warmth. The framework can be structured with the goal that this warmth is then moved into your structure, either decreasing or about wiping out the activity of your current warming framework. This implies free sunlight based cooling in the late spring, and free warming exposed season. Coming up next are basic advancements being used for sun powered warm shut circle cooling. Retention: NH3/H2O or Ammonia/Water Assimilation: Water/Lithium Bromide Absorption: Water/Lithium Chloride Adsorption: Water/Silica Gel or Water/Zeolite Adsorption: Methanol/Activated Carbon gt; Photovoltaic change; These sort (sun to power) comprise of PV (Photo-Voltaic) cells giving electrical vitality to run a fume pressure framework, predominantly for private porpoises, is additionally executed to help capacity to a portion of the parts (coursing siphons, fans, ionizers, blowers, and so forth ) utilized in the business and mechanical frameworks referenced previously.

Report of Experiences in Assessments in Matoska International School

Presentation At Matoska International School, appraisal is one of the key components of the instructing and learning process. Appraisal is worried about the social affair of significant criticism from understudy in term of what the understudy know, what the understudies feel and what the understudies can do at different phases of the instructing learning process because of what they have learned.Advertising We will compose a custom research project test on Report of Experiences in Assessments in Matoska International School explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The school has multi faceted evaluation models that target assessing various sorts of learning, for example, aptitudes, information and perspectives. It likewise implies that understudies are a vital piece of the appraisal procedure and that the understudies are urged to create basic intuition just as a self assessment attitude. Appraisal at Matoska International School isn't just to assemble data for improvin g the educating and learning process however is expected to help in the improvement of students’ learning and learned capacities. As such it is a continuous procedure that likewise includes nature, the network just as the student’s relatives. The understudy is ceaselessly educated regarding the appraisal models and satisfactorily arranged before any evaluation test is regulated (Matoska n.d). Appraisal is in this manner a constant procedure of fluctuated exercises expected to build up the understudy and includes different gatherings, for example, the parent network, and the relatives while the understudy is the focal figure in the whole procedure. Evaluation strategies At Matoska, instructing and learning is multifaceted and as such the appraisal rules is displayed along the Bloom idea of learning spaces. It assesses different parts of learning, for example, information abilities and mentalities. Information learned is surveyed through summative tests toward the finish of each learning unit. The student is required to characterize, portray, knows, records, or review information learned. The student is likewise expected to demonstrate the capacity to dissect information learned. Evaluation additionally tests the learner’s perspectives. This includes testing whether the learner’s abilities, idea and convictions have been influenced by what has been realized. As such the student will be seen to recognize how he/she participates, impacts, questions and disguises learned qualities. Moreover, appraisal is likewise expected to assess the students ‘doing’ capacities. This incorporates testing the student fro making, building, forming structuring and such other physical capacities. Appraisal includes both subjective and quantitative evaluation.Advertising Looking for research project on training? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Quantitative evaluation includes granting of numerical score or evaluations while subjective appraisal advances to an instructors feeling and reactions, for example, great, palatable, incredible are included. Subjective evaluation is utilized in surveying both composed and unwritten tests. Moreover, evaluation additionally tests a students psychomotor aptitudes; the capacity of the understudies to do what they have realized in class. In this way, the evaluation at Matoska includes an assortment of techniques (Matoska n.d). In the first place the instructors utilize the paper pencil techniques. This includes composed reaction where understudies will compose tests that may either include different decisions, short answers or articles. Composed evaluation is done both as a nonstop estimation strategy for an understudy learning. In this manner it is accomplished through composing day by day homeroom task just as the finish of each learning unit or semesters tests. Non paper and pencil appraisal includes unwritten assessment such o ral tests and manual assignment. An understudy is required to give oral reactions to inquiries just as finishing manual errands, for example, straightforward research center investigations while following basic systems. Unwritten evaluation is likewise part of co educational programs exercises, for example, discussing, bunch conversations, music, just as sports and physical training. The educator will likewise watch the understudy formative needs in relational abilities, relational aptitudes and the manner in which the understudy identifies with the earth around them (Gredler1999). The reason for evaluation The strategies referenced above are understudy focused and as such the primary motivation behind utilizing them is to cause the understudy to be a piece of showing learning process. Consequently the understudy turns into a functioning member in the learning procedure. Understudies are urged to create self assessment component and as such they ponder what they have realized. They are in this manner become mindful of their very own scholarly advancement and as such the understudy will put forth self guided attempt to improve their evaluation (Matsoka, n.d; Badders, 2000). The devices referenced above are likewise exceptionally helpful in social affair data about the showing learning process. This data is significant as it will illuminate the instructing strategies applied to the entire class when all is said in done just as for explicit students. Demonstrative tests help the instructor to comprehend the understudy section level information and adapting needs. Evaluation is additionally part of the expert teacher’s obligation. At Matoska, instructors should oversee tests and assessments at foreordained occasions in satisfaction of their expert obligations. Such incorporate Minnesota Comprehensive Assessment, controlled each spring to understudies to grades 3 to 5 (Matoska n.d.).Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Report of Experi ences in Assessments in Matoska International School explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Assessment produces important data As referenced before, the techniques for appraisal are utilized to create significant data about the whole educating and learning process. The apparatuses for appraisal in this manner have had the option to yield important data to the educator as follows. Over a given time of learning an understudy steps through a progression of exams of which a normal score is determined. Consistent tests estimates learning capacities on given points. These tests are utilized by the educator as to measure the student’s prompt needs per subject which are tended to before progress to the following theme. Along these lines the tests help in social occasion data about a student’s ceaseless advancement and necessities. The averaging of tests scored is exceptionally helpful in giving a precise proportion of a student’s scholastic execution ove r a given timeframe, such a school semester. The arrangement of appraisal test an assortment of information, abilities and gifts. This uncovers students’ quality, shortcomings and improvement needs (Marzano 2006). The evaluation has additionally been truly significant in yielding data on instructing techniques that will help a student’s improved learning. It is through appraisal that educators recognize feeble regions and in this way need to change instructing strategies to address those zones (Matoska n.d.). In the event that understudies score inadequately in relational abilities or have poor composed aptitudes, the instructor will fluctuate the instructing techniques, to join showing correspondence, both verbal and composed. Rating appraisal techniques The evaluation strategies pertinent at Matoska have been appraised profoundly and demonstrated agreeable. The motivations behind utilizing these specific strategies have had an extremely critical effect on the educati onal program at Matoska International School. These techniques are extremely legitimate as have permitted understudies to display what they know and can do. Such appraisal incorporates recording linguistically right sentences, capacity to recognize herbivore from carnivores among different exercises. The scores for these evaluations are recorded, broke down and utilized for future reference just as improving the learning procedure at the school. The appraisals are dependably helpful as they can be applied to all understudies at record-breaking in Matoska as well as in different schools in the locale. These appraisals have had the option to create comparative outcomes whenever applied to different schools and understudies at various occasions. They likewise produce information dependable information that that precisely reflects individual student’s information, perspectives and abilities learned.Advertising Searching for research project on training? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Appraisal techniques are additionally updated occasionally to mirror the present speculation in study hall evaluation. Besides, the techniques have been organized so that they address the time accessible. This mirrors the effectiveness of the techniques being used (Badders 2000). Knowledge and issues experienced The appraisal procedure has yielded valuable bits of knowledge. Solid evaluation is an intelligent procedure among educating and the learning procedure where the understudy is the focal figures in the entire procedure. It along these lines implies that correspondence is important in the entire procedure as objectives and goals must be plainly imparted to the understudy. To encourage this imply the connection between the understudy and instructor must be directly for any compelling correspondence to happen. Conventional appraisal just included the educator as the one in particular who might create evaluation apparatuses. Anyway present day strategies are additionally reassurin g the understudy to do a self assessment that will help in understudy coordinated contemplating. There are likewise a few issues experienced in utilizing the evaluation strategies recognized in this paper. Appraisal is a considerably more entangled undertaking particularly with regards to subjective evaluation. The utilization of modifier such a s decent, amazing and such different words that express the nature of learning don't have a general application in light of their emotional nature. What is good execution to one understudy might be terrible showing from another. In this manner q

How to Avoid Costly Mistakes on Your Common Application - guest article by Nancy Griesemer

How to Avoid Costly Mistakes on Your Common Application - guest article by Nancy Griesemer Introduction by Brenda Bernstein: As college application deadlines approach, I wanted to share some tips on the actual submission of your application. I give this same advice to job seekers by the way (“Print your resume!”). We have been so lulled by the convenience of online forms that we forget to dot our i’s and cross our t’s. On the Common Application, carelessness can lead to errors and missing information. Following the advice in Nancy Griesemer’s article below might be the most important thing you do as you prepare to submit your college applications! Its All About the Print Preview or Why Your Application Looks Funny by Nancy Griesemer In the old days, applying to college required a dependable typewriter and gallons of correction fluid. Although it was a tedious process that kept application production to a minimum, final documents told a story and reflected something about the care with which the entire application package was put together. These days, every document submitted through an electronic system like the Common Application looks exactly the sameâ€"tediously the same. Instead of style and neatness, what differentiates applications is attention to small details and the ability to navigate limitations imposed by the software controlling the submission. And keep in mind, what colleges see is exactly what you see when you preview the document. So its up to you to check for accuracy, completeness, and how well the document “presents” to readers looking at hundreds of virtually identical forms. This holds true for the Common Application, the Universal College Application (UCA) or most other applications you submit electronically. And this is why all systems strongly suggest you “Print Preview” your document before pushing the submit buttonâ€"regardless of how tired you are or how close you are coming to deadline. Otherwise, you risk sending a document that may contain errors or is weirdly cutoff. In case you’re curious, this is because when you complete an application online, your response is posted in an efficient “variable-width” typeface. Systems can only enforce a character count and cannot measure the physical length of a response. And not all characters are created equal. For example, the Common Application sets a 1000 character limit on the question asking you to “briefly elaborate on one of your extracurricular activities or work experiences.” The suggested “word” limit is 150 words or fewer. But because characters are not equal in the amount of space they take up, your essay can easily exceed the word limit imposed by the document. If you doubt this is the case, try typing 1000 “W’s” or “M’s” and paste your “document” into the answer box. You’ll find that all are happily accepted by the program. Now, press preview. What you will see is only about half of your “document.” If you substitute with 1000 “i’s”, you will see all of the document plus lots of additional white space allowing for even more characters. “W’s” and “M’s” take up way more space than “i’s.” In the Common Application, the problem occurs not only in the short answer section but also in the fill-in-the blank responses in the “Extracurricular Activities and Work Experience” section. Even if the application allows you to describe in detail all the awards and honors you received as a member of your high school dance team, it’s possible they will not all show up on the documents colleges actually read. A second, more obscure formatting problem involves spacing. If you persist in hitting the “enter” key for multiple paragraphs or if you like to write in haikus, you easily run the risk of scrolling beyond the space allotted for an essay response, regardless of the word or character limit. The Common Application appears to allow no more than eight single lines in the 150 word short answer, even if those lines are single words and fall well within all limitations. Finally, please be aware that neither the Common App nor the UCA “spellchecks” your documents. For those of you who print previewed your documents after pushing the “submit” button and noted some truncating, don’t despair. If you stayed within the character limitâ€"in other words, if the application allowed you to type your entire answer, the data is still there. It is available to readers if they care to take the time to go back into the system and read the complete answer. I won’t lie to you, however. It’s not easy to retrieve the data, and it’s extremely unlikely that the average admissions reader will bother. And sad to say, spelling errors are yours to own. Keep in mind that you may correct both of these problems in alternate versions of your electronic application. You cannot resend, but you can make corrections for applications you send in the future. So what should you do? Previewâ€"not just for typos but also for what shows up on the document. If truncating occurs in such a way that the response makes no sense, go back and edit. Look for extra words and tighten up your prose or paragraphing. For other responses, use standard or easy-to-understand abbreviations (capt. for captain). Do not use text-speak or nonstandard abbreviations. Unfortunately, there is a little more bad news for users of the Common Application. The Common App’s system requirements list a limited number of “supported browsers,” which include modern versions of Internet Explorer and Safari, among others. Students using Safari, however, have reported problems previewing applications. And anyone using an older version of Internet Explorer or Chrome could be out of luck. Hopefully, these issues will be corrected in next year’s version of the Common App. For now, you’ll just have to put up with the inconvenience and move your operation to a computer using a supported browser. You can go through some gyrations to make it work, but frankly, it’s usually easier to simply move computers. By the way, the Universal College Application does not have similar browser limitations or issues. In the event you are experiencing problems with your online application, do not hesitate to contact the various “support centers. But whatever you do, don’t wait until the last minute. Responses can be significantly delayed depending on traffic to the site. [Republished with permission of Nancy Griesemer. Original article can be found at https://collegeexplorations.blogspot.com/2012/11/its-all-about-print-preview-or-why-your.html] Need assistance with writing a college application essay? Contact The Essay Expert at 608-467-0067 or through our Web Form. Save

U.s. Federal Department Of Homeland Security - 1245 Words

The idea of the establishment of the Department of Homeland Security evolved into the biggest U.S. government reorganization in American history. Prior to the establishment of the Department, Americans increasingly became concerned about terrorism on our soil. This concern was triggered by the World Trade Center bombing in 1993, the Oklahoma City bombing in 1995 as well as the discovery of a bomb at the Atlanta Olympics in 1994. Additionally, it became more apparent to the Americans that terrorism has a growing global reach. The U.S. commissions looked at different aspects of the U.S. national security, the Hart-Rudman Commission, the Gilmore Commission as well as the National Commission on Terrorism. The members of the Commission as well†¦show more content†¦President George W. Bush, appointed Pennsylvania Governor Tom Ridge as the first Director of the Office of Homeland Security in the White House. The office duties are to oversee and coordinate a comprehensive national s trategy to safeguard the country against terrorism and respond to any future attacks. On November 2002, Congress passed the Homeland Security Act and the Department of Homeland Security became a stand-alone, Cabinet-level department. The department’s vision is to coordinate and unify national homeland security efforts. The creation of the department forms the most substantial reorganization of the federal government agencies since the National Security Acts of 1947. Ultimately this placed military departments under a secretary of defense and created the National Security Council (NSC) and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). The Department of Homeland Security incorporates 22 government agencies that holds 179,000 people into one organization. The organization consists of five directorates: Border and Transportation Security, Emergency Preparedness and Response, Science and Technology, Information Analysis and Infrastructure Protection and Management. In regard to border and tr ansportation security , DHS manages who and what enters into the United States to prevent the entry of terrorists and the instruments of terrorism. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), an agency of DHS is responsible for Emergency Preparedness and

Effective Measures Increase Recidivism Incarceration Essay

Effective Measures to Decrease Recidivism for Incarcerated Female Inmates Tonia P. Tippins University of Alaska Anchorage Introduction Evidence-based interventions have proven to be an effective measure to decrease recidivism for incarcerated female inmates’ despite over the past years the incarceration rate had drastically increased. In-prison treatment programs are tailored to reduce risk of recidivism when released and to reduce disruptive behavior within (Bonta, Pang, Wallace-Capretta, 1995). The risk-reduction model focus on recidivism; it identifies risk factors that causes the behavior and empirically shown to predict reoccurrences; whereas, the enhancement model focus on the psychological and physical well-being of the inmate; â€Å"it identifies improvement matters such as coping with physical or sexual abuse, parenting, and HIV risk (Schram Morash, 2002), with the assumption that improved psychosocial well-being will ultimately reduce women’s likelihood of criminal behavior† (Sorbello, Eccleston, Ward, Jones, 2002, p. 15). Risk-reduction model. According to (Chesney-Lind, 1998; Covington, 1998) substance abuse is more prevalent in female offenders (p.16). Studies show that female offenders history of substance abuse plays a critical role in the initiation and continuation of female criminal behavior (Peugh Belenko, 1999). Often times female offenders have admitted to using drugs of some sort at the time of incarceration or committed crimes inShow MoreRelatedSelf Efficacy And Self Control Essay1700 Words   |  7 PagesRosenberg Self-Esteem Scale found 8.74% increase in self-confidence for music groups, but not with art groups. None Strengths: included music and art experiment groups, included control group, multiple measures and assessments Limitations: Small sample size, discrepancies in testing measures, interventions not completed within 8 week time allocation, not randomized, inadequate testing environment Cohen (2009) The Friedman Well-Being Scale showed an increase in self-confidence for experiment 2 groupRead MoreUnintended Consequences Of The State Prison System1010 Words   |  5 Pagescounty will only cut spending in state prisons,† and may fail to lower the overall costs of corrections in California (Owen Mobley, 2012, p. 47). Whereas the state prison system seems to be progressing toward its population-reduction goal, â€Å"this measure is shortsighted and somewhat deceiving† because a â€Å"corresponding rise in county jail populations will continue California’s overreliance on custody: it is possible that too many offenders will still be locked-up, regardless of the location,† accordingRead MoreShould Probation Be A Criminal Offense?950 Words   |  4 Pagesamicably. It is the directive of the PO to help probationers successfully complete their supervision. â€Å"Between 1992 and 2011, the prison population burgeoned by 73%. In 2011, taxpayers spent over $63 billion on corrections reflecting a 300 percent increase since 1980† (Reddy Levin, 2013, para. 5, 8.). Prisons are necessary to incapacitate violent offenders; however, there are better alternatives for non-violent offenders who are not career criminals. 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Marxist Theory of Crime Free Essays

Using the material from item A and elsewhere assess the usefulness of Marxist approaches to an understanding of crime and deviance. (21 marks) Marxist approaches can be useful to help us understand crime and deviance. Marxists theory adopts the belief that the ruling class is responsible for societies. We will write a custom essay sample on Marxist Theory of Crime or any similar topic only for you Order Now They think crime is systematically generated by the structure of capitalist society. Marxists believe that society is divided into two classes, the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. The bourgeoisie promote values such as individualism and competition, and some may argue that it is these values that promote crime amongst the typical offenders, the proletariat. Traditional Marxism attempts to explain the relationship between the two aforementioned classes, with writers such as William Chambliss concluding that the best way to understand crime and deviance is to analyse the process by which the ruling class exploit their subordinates , through means such as the media , ideology and false-class consciousness, to name a few mediums. An example of this, again the result of a study conducted by Chambliss. Marxist say that the rich and powerful decide what is considered deviant and criminal in society to suit their own needs and interests. This supports item A as it states ‘a set of rules laid down by the state in the interest of the ruling class’. This is reflected in crime statistics; the most common offenders are young, black males between the ages of 15-21. A counter argument to this is the idea of Strain Theory developed by Robert Merton. Traditional Marxism argues that it is increased aggression and individualistic nature of the capitalist society that inspires individuals to commit crime, however Merton comments that it is Strain between goals and the legitimate means to achieve these goals that cause an individual to commit crime. It is also noted that the Traditional Marxist theory only looks at the cause of crime, and not the effect that the crime has on the society. Another sociological theory that attempts to provide an explanation for crime and deviance is the Marxist subcultural theory. This Marxist theory of crime goes on to explain it is the emergence of youth subculture that result in crime. It is argued that only the groups on the margins of society are the few that are not bound by the ideology and economic importance of the ruling class, and due to this ‘immunity’, they are able to somewhat resist the influence of the capitalist society. The largest group which display this resistance are typically the working class youth. According to Brake, amongst other writers, the resistance which is provided by the working class youth is expressed through youth subcultures. A subculture is defined as a group within a society who adopt alternative norms and values to mainstream society. The youth part of these subcultures will wear different, or rather radical clothing compared to mainstream society, and their language, among other attitudes and formalities, will show a contempt for the capitalist system of which they are on the fringes of. It is also said by Brake, that this resistance is ‘magical’, magical in the sense that this resistance does nothing to solve the problems that are experienced by the youth subcultures, but it still continues, because each generation, it is said that the capitalist society produces vast wealth inequalities and opportunities, said by Althusser. Stan Cohen, on the other noted that this analysis of working class youth subcultures are based on analysis, and as such, are biased, due to these writers looking to prove that subcultures are a direct attack on the capitalist society. A criticism that Cohen provided is that there are many ways in which an individual can interpret the actions of a subculture, the Marxist view on this just so happens to be one of the many views in circulation. Blackman also notes that the concentration on youth subcultures and resistance ignores the fact that many subcultures are formed with an emphasis on, gender, sexuality, and also ‘intelligence’. Youth subcultures exist everywhere, in also institutions, for example in education. There are some who specifically desire to adhere to the rules of the education, and follow direction as they are given, and there are those who wish to resist because they find schoolwork autonomous, (the ‘earoles’ and the ‘lads’ – ), which is taken from the interpretivist view of education. How to cite Marxist Theory of Crime, Essay examples

Uncle Vanya A monologue from the play by Anton Chekhov Essay Example For Students

Uncle Vanya A monologue from the play by Anton Chekhov Essay A monologue from the play by Anton Chekhov NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from The Moscow Arts Theatre Series of Plays. Ed. Oliver M. Sayler. New York: Brentanos, 1922. ASTROFF: I have my own desk there in Ivan\s room. When I\m simply too worn out to go on with my work, I drop everything and rush over here to forget myself in this pastime for an hour or two. Ivan Petrovitch and Sonya Alexandrovna rattle away at their counting frames, I feel warm and peaceful, the cricket chirps, and I sit near them at my table and paint. But I don\t indulge in this luxury very often, only about once a month. Look! This is a survey map of our country as it was fifty years ago. The green tints, both light and dark, stand for forests. Half the map, you see, is covered with them. Where the green is striped with red, the forests were stocked with elk and goats. Here in this lake were great flocks of swans and geese and ducks; as the old men say, there was a power of birds of every kind. Now they have vanished like a mist. Beside the towns and villages, you see, I have jotted down here and there the various settlements, farms, hermits\ caves and water-mills. This country was rich in cattle and horses, as you can see by the expanse of blue. For instance, see how it deepens in this part; there were great herds of them here, an average of three horses to every house. Now, look lower down. This is the country as it was twenty-five years ago. Only a third of the map now is green with forests. There are no goats remaining and no elk. The green and blue are lighter, and so on and so forth. Now, we c ome to the third diagram, our country as it is to-day. Still we see spots of green, but very little. The elk, the swans, the black-cock have disappeared. On the whole, it is the picture of a continuous and slow decline which will evidently come to completion in about ten or fifteen years. Perhaps you may object that it is the march of progress, that the old order must give way to the new, and you would be right if roads had been built through these ruined forests, or if factories and schools had taken their place. Then the people would have become better educated and healthier and richer, but as it is, we have nothing of the kind. We have the same swamps and mosquitos; the same disease and misery: typhoid, diptheria, fires. The degradation of our country confronts us, brought on by the human race\s fierce struggle for existence. It is all the result of the ignorance and heedlessness of starving, shivering, ill humanity. To save our children, we snatch instinctively at everything tha t can warm us and satisfy our hunger. Therefore we consume everything on which we can lay our hands, without a thought for the future. And so almost everything has been destroyed and nothing created to take its place. But I can see by your expression that it does not interest you.